LREC 2000 2nd International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation

Keywords: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z List of all keywords

Keywords	Paper Title	Paper Id
Accessibility	Accessibility of Multilingual Terminological Resources - Current Problems and Prospects for the Future	283
	A Web-based Advanced and User Friendly System: The Oslo Corpus of Tagged Norwegian Texts	363
Acoustic Adaptation	SPEECON - Speech Data for Consumer Devices	63
Acquisition Tools	SpeechDat-Car Fixed Platform	331
Adjuncts	Automatic Assignment of Grammatical Relations	218
African Languages	Developing a Multilingual Telephone Based Information System in African Languages	329
Agglutinative Languages	A Word-level Morphosyntactic Analyzer for Basque	44
Alignment	Building the Croatian-English Parallel Corpus	119
	Grammarless Bracketing in an Aligned Bilingual Corpus	164
	The Bank of Swedish	300
Analogy-Based Aquisition	Controlled Bootstrapping of Lexico-semantic Classes as a Bridge between Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Knowledge: Methodology and Evaluation	99
Analysis-Modification-Synthesis systems	The Cost258 Signal Generation Test Array	1
Analytic Tools	Introduction of KIBS (Korean Information Base System) Project	239
Analytical Functions	Rule-based Tagging: Morphological Tagset versus Tagset of Analytical Functions	199
Anaphora	Coreference Resolution Evaluation Based on Descriptive Specificity	131
	Annotating a Corpus to Develop and Evaluate Discourse Entity Realization Algorithms: Issues and Preliminary Results	193
Anaphora Resolution	CLinkA A Coreferential Links Annotator	179
Annotated Corpora	On the Usage of Kappa to Evaluate Agreement on Coding Tasks	206
Annotated Corpus	Hua Yu: A Word-segmented and Part-Of-Speech Tagged Chinese Corpus	372
Annotated Dialogue Corpora	Dialogue Annotation for Language Systems Evaluation	33
Annotation	GREEK ToBI: A System for the Annotation of Greek Speech Corpora	7
	The EUDICO Project, Multi Media Annotation over the Internet	45
	An XML-based Representation Format for Syntactically Annotated Corpora	59
	The Spoken Dutch Corpus. Overview and First Evaluation	110
	Annotating Communication Problems Using the MATE Workbench	134
	The MATE Workbench Annotation Tool, a Technical Description	166
	Issues in Corpus Creation and Distribution: The Evolution of the Linguistic Data Consortium	209
	Large, Multilingual, Broadcast News Corpora for Cooperative Research in Topic Detection and Tracking: The TDT-2 and TDT-3 Corpus Efforts	210
	Annotating Resources for Information Extraction	263
Annotation Errors	What are Transcription Errors and Why are They made?	205
Annotation frameworks	Dialogue Annotation for Language Systems Evaluation	33
Annotation Graphs	Transcribing with Annotation Graphs	192
Annotation Guidelines	Developing Guidelines and Ensuring Consistency for Chinese Text Annotation	287
Annotation Schema	Building a Treebank for Italian: a Data-driven Annotation Schema	220
Annotation tool	FAST - Towards a Semi-automatic Annotation of Corpora	130
	A Graphical Parametric Language-Independent Tool for the Annotation of Speech Corpora	314
Annotation Tools	Dialogue Annotation for Language Systems Evaluation	33
	Corpora of Slovene Spoken Language for Multi-lingual Applications	288
	SegWin: a Tool for Segmenting, Annotating, and Controlling the Creation of a Database of Spoken Italian Varieties	310
	Interactive Corpus Annotation	334
	NaniTrans: a Speech Labelling Tool	345
	Annotation of a Multichannel Noisy Speech Corpus	358
Applications	Portuguese Corpora at CLUL	72
Architecture	Software Infrastructure for Language Resources: a Taxonomy of Previous Work and a Requirements Analysis	170
Architectures	Enabling Resource Sharing in Language Generation: an Abstract Reference Architecture	244
Argument Structure	Establishing the Upper Bound and Inter-judge Agreement of a Verb Classification Task	233
ASR	MHATLex: Lexical Resources for Modelling the French Pronunciation	37
	Regional Pronunciation Variants for Automatic Segmentation	307
Assesment Techniques	COCOSDA - a Progress Report	364
Assessment and Evaluation	For a Repository of NLP Tools	316
Automated Style Categorisation	Automatic Style Categorisation of Corpora in the Greek Language	301
Automatic annotation	Target Suites for Evaluating the Coverage of Text Generators	92
Automatic Evaluation	Evaluation of Word Alignment Systems	137
	How to Evaluate Your Question Answering System Every Day ... and Still Get Real Work Done	203
Automatic Generation of Constructed Words	GeDeriF: Automatic Generation and Analysis of Morphologically Constructed Lexical Resources	279
Automatic Lexical Acquisition	Establishing the Upper Bound and Inter-judge Agreement of a Verb Classification Task	233
Automatic Term Extraction	Term-based Identification of Sentences for Text Summarisation	106
Automatic Text Summarization	A Comparison of Summarization Methods Based on Task-based Evaluation	14
Automatically Category Code Assignment	Automatically Expansion of Thesaurus Entries with a Different Thesaurus	142
Batch Download	A Self-Expanding Corpus Based on Newspapers on the Web	362
Benchmark	Dialogue Annotation for Language Systems Evaluation	33
Best Practice	A Methodology for Evaluating Spoken Language Dialogue Systems and Their Components	135
Bilingual Comparable Corpora	Designing a Tool for Exploiting Bilingual Comparable Corpora	20
Bilingual Corpora	TransSearch: A Free Translation Memory on the World Wide Web	12
Bilingual Corpora Processing	Automatic Extraction of English-Chinese Term Lexicons from Noisy Bilingual Corpora	208
Bilingual Corpus	Grammarless Bracketing in an Aligned Bilingual Corpus	164
Bilingual Dictionary	A Bilingual Electronic Dictionary for Frame Semantics	69
Bilingual Lexicon Extraction	Evaluation of Word Alignment Systems	137
Bilingual Pronunciation Dictionary	Design Methodology for Bilingual Pronunciation Dictionary	269
Binational Policies	A Platform for Dutch in Human Language Technologies	348
Bi-textual Database	TransSearch: A Free Translation Memory on the World Wide Web	12
BNC2	Morphological Tagging to Resolve Morphological Ambiguities	277
Bootstrapping Methods	Automatically Augmenting Terminological Lexicons from Untagged Text	320
Bracketed Corpus (Treebank)	Developing Guidelines and Ensuring Consistency for Chinese Text Annotation	287
CALL	Constructing a Tagged E-J Parallel Corpus for Assisting Japanese Software Engineers in Writing English Abstracts	78
Call-Center Applications	Issues in the Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems - Experience from the ACCeSS Project	162
CAPI	SpeechDat-Car Fixed Platform	331
Car environment	SPEECHDAT-CAR. A Large Speech Database for Automotive Environments	373
Case Frame	Design and Construction of Knowledge base for Verb using MRD and Tagged Corpus	237
Cenario	Evaluating Multi-party Multi-modal Systems	368
CES	A Parallel Corpus of Italian/German Legal Texts	140
Chinese Information Processing	Hua Yu: A Word-segmented and Part-Of-Speech Tagged Chinese Corpus	372
Chinese Language Processing	Developing Guidelines and Ensuring Consistency for Chinese Text Annotation	287
Chinese-English Lexicons	Chinese-English Semantic Resource Construction	327
Chunks	PoS Disambiguation and Partial Parsing Bidirectional Interaction	169
Classified Listing of NLP Software	The New Edition of the Natural Language Software Registry (an Initiative of ACL hosted at DFKI)	267
Client-Server	An Open Architecture for the Construction and Administration of Corpora	176
Client-Server Model	POSCAT: A Morpheme-based Speech Corpus Annotation Tool	224
Clustering	Extraction of Semantic Clusters for Terminological Information Retrieval from MRDs	35
	Evaluating Summaries for Multiple Documents in an Interactive Environment	163
Coding Schemes	Annotating Communication Problems Using the MATE Workbench	134
Collaborative System	Evaluating Multi-party Multi-modal Systems	368
Collocation	Collocations as Word Co-ocurrence Restriction Data - An Application to Japanese Word Processor -	2
	Towards a Strategy for a Representation of Collocations - Extending the Danish PAROLE-lexicon	47
	Improving Lexical Databases with Collocational Information: Data from Portuguese	340
Collocations	A Bilingual Electronic Dictionary for Frame Semantics	69
	A Flexible Infrastructure for Large Monolingual Corpora	226
Combination of Automatic and Manual Annotation	Interactive Corpus Annotation	334
Combined Classifiers	Using a Large Set of EAGLES-compliant Morpho-syntactic Descriptors as a Tagset for Probabilistic Tagging	11
Combining Systems	Bootstrapping a Tagged Corpus through Combination of Existing Heterogeneous Taggers	155
Complements	Automatic Assignment of Grammatical Relations	218
Completeness	A Methodology for Evaluating Spoken Language Dialogue Systems and Their Components	135
Compound Nouns	ARISTA Generative Lexicon for Compound Greek Medical Terms	360
Compounding	Annotating, Disambiguating & Automatically Extending the Coverage of the Swedish SIMPLE Lexicon	84
Computational Lexicography	A Bilingual Electronic Dictionary for Frame Semantics	69
Computational Lexicon	CDB - A Database of Lexical Collocations	189
Computational Lexicons	SIMPLE: A General Framework for the Development of Multilingual Lexicons	61
	An Approach to Lexical Development for Inflectional Languages	256
Computational Psycholinguistics	The Treatment of Adjectives in SIMPLE: Theoretical Observations	366
Computer-Assisted Translation Tools	Designing a Tool for Exploiting Bilingual Comparable Corpora	20
Computer-assisted Writing Tool	Constructing a Tagged E-J Parallel Corpus for Assisting Japanese Software Engineers in Writing English Abstracts	78
Concept Abstraction	Abstraction of the EDR Concept Classification and its Effectiveness in Word Sense Disambiguation	75
Concept Accuracy	Issues in the Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems - Experience from the ACCeSS Project	162
Concept Description	Abstraction of the EDR Concept Classification and its Effectiveness in Word Sense Disambiguation	75
Concept Hierarchy	Abstraction of the EDR Concept Classification and its Effectiveness in Word Sense Disambiguation	75
Conceptual Representation	Extraction of Concepts and Multilingual Information Schemes from French and English Economics Documents	202
Constraint Grammar	Providing Internet Access to Portuguese Corpora: the AC/DC Project	85
Construction of Linguistic Resources	Where Opposites Meet. A Syntactic Meta-scheme for Corpus Annotation and Parsing Evaluation	98
Consumer Electronics	SPEECON - Speech Data for Consumer Devices	63
Context	The Context (not only) for Humans	156
	The (Un)Deterministic Nature of Morphological Context	200
Context-Based Method	The (Un)Deterministic Nature of Morphological Context	200
Continuous Speech	Corpora of Slovene Spoken Language for Multi-lingual Applications	288
Continuous Speech Recognition over the Telephone	Issues in Design and Collection of Large Telephone Speech Corpus for Slovenian Language	246
Controlled Languages	Looking for Errors: A Declarative Formalism for Resource-adaptive Language Checking	299
Copyright	An Open Architecture for the Construction and Administration of Corpora	176
Coreference	Coreference in Annotating a Large Corpus	19
	Coreference Annotation: Whither?	100
	Coreference Resolution Evaluation Based on Descriptive Specificity	131
Coreference Annotation	CLinkA A Coreferential Links Annotator	179
Coreferential Chain	CLinkA A Coreferential Links Annotator	179
Corpora	Providing Internet Access to Portuguese Corpora: the AC/DC Project	85
	Evaluating Translation Quality as Input to Product Development	136
	The MATE Workbench Annotation Tool, a Technical Description	166
	An Open Architecture for the Construction and Administration of Corpora	176
	SegWin: a Tool for Segmenting, Annotating, and Controlling the Creation of a Database of Spoken Italian Varieties	310
Corpora Workbench	The Bank of Swedish	300
Corporate Usage of HLR	The Establishment of Motorola's Human Language Data Resource Center: Addressing the Criticality of Language Resources in the Industrial Setting	260
Corpus	Semantico-syntactic Tagging of Very Large Corpora: the Case of Restoration of Nodes on the Underlying Level	18
	Coreference in Annotating a Large Corpus	19
	FAST - Towards a Semi-automatic Annotation of Corpora	130
	Learning Verb Subcategorization from Corpora: Counting Frame Subsets	145
	The American National Corpus: A Standardized Resource for American English	196
	Building a Treebank for Italian: a Data-driven Annotation Schema	220
	Application of WordNet ILR in Czech Word-formation	223
	Introduction of KIBS (Korean Information Base System) Project	239
	ARC A3: A Method for Evaluating Term Extracting Tools and/or Semantic Relations between Terms from Corpora	247
	Language Resources Development at the Spanish Royal Academy	297
	Design and Implementation of the Online ILSP Greek Corpus	336
	A Self-Expanding Corpus Based on Newspapers on the Web	362
	A Web-based Advanced and User Friendly System: The Oslo Corpus of Tagged Norwegian Texts	363
Corpus Administration	An Open Architecture for the Construction and Administration of Corpora	176
Corpus Analysis	Modern Greek Corpus Taxonomy	351
Corpus Annotation	FAST - Towards a Semi-automatic Annotation of Corpora	130
	Annotating a Corpus to Develop and Evaluate Discourse Entity Realization Algorithms: Issues and Preliminary Results	193
	Building a Treebank for French	230
	Principled Hidden Tagset Design for Tiered Tagging of Hungarian	249
	Inter-annotator Agreement for a German Newspaper Corpus	333
	Interactive Corpus Annotation	334
Corpus Architecture	The American National Corpus: A Standardized Resource for American English	196
Corpus Based Linguistics	TyPTex: Inductive Typological Text Classification by Multivariate Statistical Analysis for NLP Systems Tuning/Evaluation	254
Corpus Building	An Open Architecture for the Construction and Administration of Corpora	176
Corpus Design	Designing a Tool for Exploiting Bilingual Comparable Corpora	20
	The Spoken Dutch Corpus. Overview and First Evaluation	110
Corpus Encoding	A Parallel Corpus of Italian/German Legal Texts	140
	XCES: An XML-based Encoding Standard for Linguistic Corpora	172
Corpus Linguistics	Building the Croatian-English Parallel Corpus	119
	Building a Treebank for French	230
Corpus Preparation	LT TTT - A Flexible Tokenisation Tool	93
Corpus Processing	Automatic Extraction of Semantic Similarity of Words from Raw Technical Texts	302
	A Software Toolkit for Sharing and Accessing Corpora Over the Internet	337
Corpus-Based Techniques	An Approach to Lexical Development for Inflectional Languages	256
Correctness	A Methodology for Evaluating Spoken Language Dialogue Systems and Their Components	135
co-Training	Minimally Supervised Japanese Named Entity Recognition: Resources and Evaluation	258
Creativity	Addizionario: an Interactive Hypermedia Tool for Language Learning	374
Croatian	Building the Croatian-English Parallel Corpus	119
Cross-language Information Retrieval	The Evaluation of Systems for Cross-language Information Retrieval	70
	Evaluating Wordnets in Cross-language Information Retrieval: the ITEM Search Engine	250
Cross-Lingual	Cross-lingual Interpolation of Speech Recognition Models	147
Czech National Corpus	Derivation in the Czech National Corpus	153
Danish verbs	Semantic Encoding of Danish Verbs in SIMPLE - Adapting a Verb Framed Model to a Satellite-framed Language	13
Data Architectures	XCES: An XML-based Encoding Standard for Linguistic Corpora	172
Data Centers	Issues in Corpus Creation and Distribution: The Evolution of the Linguistic Data Consortium	209
Data Collection	SPEECON - Speech Data for Consumer Devices	63
	MDWOZ: A Wizard of Oz Environment for Dialog Systems Development	104
Data Collection and Distribution	Issues in Corpus Creation and Distribution: The Evolution of the Linguistic Data Consortium	209
	Large, Multilingual, Broadcast News Corpora for Cooperative Research in Topic Detection and Tracking: The TDT-2 and TDT-3 Corpus Efforts	210
Data interchange	Accessibility of Multilingual Terminological Resources - Current Problems and Prospects for the Future	283
Data Set	IREX: IR & IE Evaluation Project in Japanese	27
Data Visualization	Evaluating Multi-party Multi-modal Systems	368
Database	Design and Implementation of the Online ILSP Greek Corpus	336
Database Access	Object-oriented Access to the Estonian Phonetic Database	128
	The Universal XML Organizer: UXO	253
Databases	Models of Russian Text/Speech Interactive Databases for Supporting of Scientific, Practical and Cultural Researches	185
	SegWin: a Tool for Segmenting, Annotating, and Controlling the Creation of a Database of Spoken Italian Varieties	310
Data-Collection	What are Transcription Errors and Why are They made?	205
DCR Evaluation	Obtaining Predictive Results with an Objective Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems: Experiments with the DCR Assessment Paradigm	36
Decision List Learning	Minimally Supervised Japanese Named Entity Recognition: Resources and Evaluation	258
Definitions	Extraction of Semantic Clusters for Terminological Information Retrieval from MRDs	35
Deletions	Semantico-syntactic Tagging of Very Large Corpora: the Case of Restoration of Nodes on the Underlying Level	18
Dependency	Semantico-syntactic Tagging of Very Large Corpora: the Case of Restoration of Nodes on the Underlying Level	18
	Coreference in Annotating a Large Corpus	19
Dependency Format	Building a Treebank for Italian: a Data-driven Annotation Schema	220
Dependency Syntax	Rule-based Tagging: Morphological Tagset versus Tagset of Analytical Functions	199
Dependency Tree	Automatic Assignment of Grammatical Relations	218
Derivation	Derivation in the Czech National Corpus	153
	Application of WordNet ILR in Czech Word-formation	223
Derivational Morphology	GeDeriF: Automatic Generation and Analysis of Morphologically Constructed Lexical Resources	279
Descriptive Specificity	Coreference Resolution Evaluation Based on Descriptive Specificity	131
Design Methodology	Design Methodology for Bilingual Pronunciation Dictionary	269
Development Environment	MDWOZ: A Wizard of Oz Environment for Dialog Systems Development	104
	Software Infrastructure for Language Resources: a Taxonomy of Previous Work and a Requirements Analysis	170
Diacritic Characters Restoration	A Web-based Text Corpora Development System	105
Dialog Interaction Model	MDWOZ: A Wizard of Oz Environment for Dialog Systems Development	104
Dialog System	Predictive Performance of Dialog Systems	303
Dialogue	Obtaining Predictive Results with an Objective Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems: Experiments with the DCR Assessment Paradigm	36
Dialogue Corpora	The Influence of Scenario Constraints on the Spontaneity of Speech. A Comparison of Dialogue Corpora	217
Dictation Free Software	IPA Japanese Dictation Free Software Project	261
Dictation Systems	Methods and Metrics for the Evaluation of Dictation Systems: a Case Study	56
Dictionaries	Extraction of Semantic Clusters for Terminological Information Retrieval from MRDs	35
Dictionary	The Concede Model for Lexical Databases	335
Dictionary Definitions	Automatic Generation of Dictionary Definitions from a Computational Lexicon	306
Dictionary Formats	Electronic Language Resources for Polish: POLEX, CEGLEX and GRAMLEX	62
Diphone Inventory	Corpora of Slovene Spoken Language for Multi-lingual Applications	288
Discourse	Shallow Discourse Genre Annotation in CallHome Spanish	228
Discourse Annotation	Annotating Events and Temporal Information in Newswire Texts	321
Discriminant Function Analysis	Modern Greek Corpus Taxonomy	351
Distributed Corpora	A Software Toolkit for Sharing and Accessing Corpora Over the Internet	337
Distributed Processing	A Software Toolkit for Sharing and Accessing Corpora Over the Internet	337
Distribution	Recent Developments within the European Language Resources Association (ELRA)	377
Document Routing	An Architecture for Document Routing in Spanish: Two Language Components, Pre-processor and Parser	91
Domains	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
Dry sound source	Acoustical Sound Database in Real Environments for Sound Scene Understanding and Hands-Free Speech Recognition	356
DSSSL	Enhancing Speech Corpus Resources with Multiple Lexical Tag Layers	183
Dutch	Part of Speech Tagging and Lemmatisation for the Spoken Dutch Corpus	216
	NL-Translex: Machine Translation for Dutch	294
Dutch (spoken)	The Spoken Dutch Corpus. Overview and First Evaluation	110
Dynamic Corpora	Live Lexicons and Dynamic Corpora Adapted to the Network Resources for Chinese Spoken Language Processing Applications in an Internet Era	214
EAGLES	Methods and Metrics for the Evaluation of Dictation Systems: a Case Study	56
E-J Parallel Corpus	Constructing a Tagged E-J Parallel Corpus for Assisting Japanese Software Engineers in Writing English Abstracts	78
ELDA	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
	Recent Developments within the European Language Resources Association (ELRA)	377
Electronic Dictionaries	Electronic Language Resources for Polish: POLEX, CEGLEX and GRAMLEX	62
	Coping with Lexical Gaps when Building Aligned Multilingual Wordnets	236
ELRA	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
	Recent Developments within the European Language Resources Association (ELRA)	377
Empirical Methods	Annotating a Corpus to Develop and Evaluate Discourse Entity Realization Algorithms: Issues and Preliminary Results	193
Encyclopedia	A Step toward Semantic Indexing of an Encyclopedic Corpus	161
End-User Environments	Issues from Corpus Analysis that have influenced the On-going Development of Various Haitian Creole Text- and Speech-based NLP Systems and Applications	342
English	Building the Croatian-English Parallel Corpus	119
	Morphological Tagging to Resolve Morphological Ambiguities	277
English and Korean	Design Methodology for Bilingual Pronunciation Dictionary	269
English Pronunciation	Design Methodology for Bilingual Pronunciation Dictionary	269
Environment sound recognition	Acoustical Sound Database in Real Environments for Sound Scene Understanding and Hands-Free Speech Recognition	356
Error-Spotting	On the Use of Prosody for On-line Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems	43
Evaluation	Enhancing the TDT Tracking Evaluation	5
	English Senseval: Report and Results	8
	Using a Large Set of EAGLES-compliant Morpho-syntactic Descriptors as a Tagset for Probabilistic Tagging	11
	IREX: IR & IE Evaluation Project in Japanese	27
	Methods and Metrics for the Evaluation of Dictation Systems: a Case Study	56
	Guidelines for Japanese Speech Synthesizer Evaluation	77
	Target Suites for Evaluating the Coverage of Text Generators	92
	Evaluation of a Dialogue System Based on a Generic Model that Combines Robust Speech Understanding and Mixed-initiative Control	101
	The Spoken Dutch Corpus. Overview and First Evaluation	110
	Galaxy-II as an Architecture for Spoken Dialogue Evaluation	116
	Coreference Resolution Evaluation Based on Descriptive Specificity	131
	A Methodology for Evaluating Spoken Language Dialogue Systems and Their Components	135
	Evaluating Translation Quality as Input to Product Development	136
	Determining the Tolerance of Text-handling Tasks for MT Output	139
	Morphosyntactic Tagging of Slovene: Evaluating Taggers and Tagsets	146
	Issues in the Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems - Experience from the ACCeSS Project	162
	Evaluating Summaries for Multiple Documents in an Interactive Environment	163
	CLinkA A Coreferential Links Annotator	179
	Annotating a Corpus to Develop and Evaluate Discourse Entity Realization Algorithms: Issues and Preliminary Results	193
	The (Un)Deterministic Nature of Morphological Context	200
	ARC A3: A Method for Evaluating Term Extracting Tools and/or Semantic Relations between Terms from Corpora	247
	TyPTex: Inductive Typological Text Classification by Multivariate Statistical Analysis for NLP Systems Tuning/Evaluation	254
	Evaluation of a Generic Lexical Semantic Resource in Information Extraction	259
	An Evaluation Tool for Machine Translation: Fast Evaluation for MT Research	278
	Design Issues in Text-Independent Speaker Recognition Evaluation	286
	Predictive Performance of Dialog Systems	303
	Inter-annotator Agreement for a German Newspaper Corpus	333
	A Platform for Dutch in Human Language Technologies	348
	Cardinal, Nominal or Ordinal Similarity Measures in Comparative Evaluation of Information Retrieval Process	367
Evaluation (predictive)	Sublanguage Dependent Evaluation: Toward Predicting NLP performances	252
Evaluation Criteria	Using a Formal Approach to Evaluate Grammars	285
Evaluation in Written Language Processing	NL-Translex: Machine Translation for Dutch	294
Evaluation Methodology	Evaluating Multi-party Multi-modal Systems	368
Evaluation Metrics	Evaluation of Word Alignment Systems	137
Evaluation of Language Resources and Tools	Evaluating Wordnets in Cross-language Information Retrieval: the ITEM Search Engine	250
Evaluation Protocols	Evaluation of TRANSTYPE, a Computer-aided Translation Typing System: A Comparison of a Theoretical- and a User-oriented Evaluation Procedures	34
Event Recognition	Tuning Lexicons to New Operational Scenarios	330
Events	Annotating Events and Temporal Information in Newswire Texts	321
Exercise(s)	Determining the Tolerance of Text-handling Tasks for MT Output	139
Expanding Entry	Automatically Expansion of Thesaurus Entries with a Different Thesaurus	142
Extraction	A Step toward Semantic Indexing of an Encyclopedic Corpus	161
ExTrECC	Designing a Tool for Exploiting Bilingual Comparable Corpora	20
Feature Structures	A Proposal for the Integration of NLP Tools using SGML-Tagged Documents	68
Finite State Technologies	An Optimised FS Pronunciation Resource Generator for Highly Inflecting Languages	251
Finite State Transducers	A Robust Parser for Unrestricted Greek Text	174
Finite-state tools	Terms Specification and Extraction within a Linguistic-based Intranet Service	17
Formal Approach	Using a Formal Approach to Evaluate Grammars	285
Formal Descriptions	Tools for the Generation of Morphological Entries in Dictionaries	338
Formalism	Cardinal, Nominal or Ordinal Similarity Measures in Comparative Evaluation of Information Retrieval Process	367
Format Independent	The EUDICO Project, Multi Media Annotation over the Internet	45
Formation of Company (Motorola) Organization	The Establishment of Motorola's Human Language Data Resource Center: Addressing the Criticality of Language Resources in the Industrial Setting	260
Frames	Learning Verb Subcategorization from Corpora: Counting Frame Subsets	145
Framework	Software Infrastructure for Language Resources: a Taxonomy of Previous Work and a Requirements Analysis	170
French Market	For a Repository of NLP Tools	316
French Phonetic Lexicon	A French Phonetic Lexicon with Variants for Speech and Language Processing	133
Frequency	Rarity of Words in a Language and in a Corpus	295
Functional Annotation	Controlled Bootstrapping of Lexico-semantic Classes as a Bridge between Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Knowledge: Methodology and Evaluation	99
Generation	Annotating a Corpus to Develop and Evaluate Discourse Entity Realization Algorithms: Issues and Preliminary Results	193
	Resources for Multilingual Text Generation in Three Slavic Languages	241
Generative Lexicon	ARISTA Generative Lexicon for Compound Greek Medical Terms	360
Genericity	Obtaining Predictive Results with an Objective Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems: Experiments with the DCR Assessment Paradigm	36
Genre	Shallow Discourse Genre Annotation in CallHome Spanish	228
German Dialectal Regions	Regional Pronunciation Variants for Automatic Segmentation	307
Gold Standard	Evaluation of Word Alignment Systems	137
Grammar Acquisition	A Treebank of Spanish and its Application to Parsing	66
Grammar Checking	Looking for Errors: A Declarative Formalism for Resource-adaptive Language Checking	299
Grammars	Using a Formal Approach to Evaluate Grammars	285
	Language Resources Development at the Spanish Royal Academy	297
	An Open Source Grammar Development Environment and Broad-coverage English Grammar Using HPSG	371
Grammatical coverage	Target Suites for Evaluating the Coverage of Text Generators	92
Grammatical Data	Tools for the Generation of Morphological Entries in Dictionaries	338
Grammatical Dictionary	The Multi-layer Language Knowledge Base of Chinese NLP	29
Grammatical Relations	Automatic Assignment of Grammatical Relations	218
Grammatical Rules	Automatic Style Categorisation of Corpora in the Greek Language	301
Grammatical Tagging	A Web-based Advanced and User Friendly System: The Oslo Corpus of Tagged Norwegian Texts	363
Grapheme-Phoneme Conversion	An Optimised FS Pronunciation Resource Generator for Highly Inflecting Languages	251
Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion	A Computational Platform for Development of Morphologic and Phonetic Lexica	175
	Design of Optimal Slovenian Speech Corpus for Use in the Concatenative Speech Synthesis System	177
Graphic User Interface	PLEDIT - A New Efficient Tool for Management of Multilingual Pronunciation Lexica and Batchlists	53
Graphical	A Graphical Parametric Language-Independent Tool for the Annotation of Speech Corpora	314
Greek	GREEK ToBI: A System for the Annotation of Greek Speech Corpora	7
	Named Entity Recognition in Greek Texts	173
	A Robust Parser for Unrestricted Greek Text	174
	A Unified POS Tagging Architecture and its Application to Greek	181
Greek Characters	GRUHD: A Greek database of Unconstrained Handwriting	289
Greek Language	Automatic Style Categorisation of Corpora in the Greek Language	301
	Design and Implementation of the Online ILSP Greek Corpus	336
GSM signals	SPEECHDAT-CAR. A Large Speech Database for Automotive Environments	373
Haitian Creole	Issues from Corpus Analysis that have influenced the On-going Development of Various Haitian Creole Text- and Speech-based NLP Systems and Applications	342
Hands-free speech recognition	Acoustical Sound Database in Real Environments for Sound Scene Understanding and Hands-Free Speech Recognition	356
Hebrew	Creation of Spoken Hebrew Databases	52
HPSG	An HPSG-Annotated Test Suite for Polish	272
HTML-to-Text Conversion	A Web-based Text Corpora Development System	105
Human Assessors	The TREC-8 Question Answering Track	26
Human Intervention	Semi-automatic Construction of a Tree-annotated Corpus Using an Iterative Learning Statistical Language Model	341
Human-Computer Interaction	Evaluating Multi-party Multi-modal Systems	368
Hyperlexicon	A Multi-view Hyperlexicon Resource for Speech and Language System Development	243
Idiom	Collocations as Word Co-ocurrence Restriction Data - An Application to Japanese Word Processor -	2
Implicit Relations	ARISTA Generative Lexicon for Compound Greek Medical Terms	360
Impulse response	Acoustical Sound Database in Real Environments for Sound Scene Understanding and Hands-Free Speech Recognition	356
In-Car Speech Data	Annotation of a Multichannel Noisy Speech Corpus	358
Induction	Tuning Lexicons to New Operational Scenarios	330
Industrial Human Language Resource Center	The Establishment of Motorola's Human Language Data Resource Center: Addressing the Criticality of Language Resources in the Industrial Setting	260
Inflectional Languages	An Approach to Lexical Development for Inflectional Languages	256
Information Base	Introduction of KIBS (Korean Information Base System) Project	239
Information Dissemination	Recent Developments within the European Language Resources Association (ELRA)	377
Information Extraction	IREX: IR & IE Evaluation Project in Japanese	27
	LT TTT - A Flexible Tokenisation Tool	93
	Coreference Annotation: Whither?	100
	Named Entity Recognition in Greek Texts	173
	A Flexible Infrastructure for Large Monolingual Corpora	226
	Minimally Supervised Japanese Named Entity Recognition: Resources and Evaluation	258
	Evaluation of a Generic Lexical Semantic Resource in Information Extraction	259
	Annotating Resources for Information Extraction	263
	Automatically Augmenting Terminological Lexicons from Untagged Text	320
	Annotating Events and Temporal Information in Newswire Texts	321
Information Retrieval	A Comparison of Summarization Methods Based on Task-based Evaluation	14
	IREX: IR & IE Evaluation Project in Japanese	27
	Extraction of Semantic Clusters for Terminological Information Retrieval from MRDs	35
	An Architecture for Document Routing in Spanish: Two Language Components, Pre-processor and Parser	91
	Large, Multilingual, Broadcast News Corpora for Cooperative Research in Topic Detection and Tracking: The TDT-2 and TDT-3 Corpus Efforts	210
	ARC A3: A Method for Evaluating Term Extracting Tools and/or Semantic Relations between Terms from Corpora	247
Information Society	SPEECON - Speech Data for Consumer Devices	63
In-situs Evaluation	Evaluation of TRANSTYPE, a Computer-aided Translation Typing System: A Comparison of a Theoretical- and a User-oriented Evaluation Procedures	34
Integration of NLP Tools	A Proposal for the Integration of NLP Tools using SGML-Tagged Documents	68
Interactive Machine Translation	Evaluation of TRANSTYPE, a Computer-aided Translation Typing System: A Comparison of a Theoretical- and a User-oriented Evaluation Procedures	34
Inter-Annotator Agreement	Semantic Tagging for the Penn Treebank	197
	Inter-annotator Agreement for a German Newspaper Corpus	333
Intercoder Reliability	On the Usage of Kappa to Evaluate Agreement on Coding Tasks	206
Inter-Judge Agreement	Establishing the Upper Bound and Inter-judge Agreement of a Verb Classification Task	233
Internet	The EUDICO Project, Multi Media Annotation over the Internet	45
	Towards a Standard for Meta-descriptions of Language Resources	125
	Models of Russian Text/Speech Interactive Databases for Supporting of Scientific, Practical and Cultural Researches	185
	Live Lexicons and Dynamic Corpora Adapted to the Network Resources for Chinese Spoken Language Processing Applications in an Internet Era	214
	Design and Implementation of the Online ILSP Greek Corpus	336
Intonaion Labeling	Spontaneous Speech Corpus of Japanese	262
Intonation	GREEK ToBI: A System for the Annotation of Greek Speech Corpora	7
ISDN	SpeechDat-Car Fixed Platform	331
ISO	Methods and Metrics for the Evaluation of Dictation Systems: a Case Study	56
Italian	Building a Treebank for Italian: a Data-driven Annotation Schema	220
Iterative Learning	Semi-automatic Construction of a Tree-annotated Corpus Using an Iterative Learning Statistical Language Model	341
Japanese	IREX: IR & IE Evaluation Project in Japanese	27
	Spontaneous Speech Corpus of Japanese	262
Japanese Dictation	IPA Japanese Dictation Free Software Project	261
Japanese Named Entity Recognition	Minimally Supervised Japanese Named Entity Recognition: Resources and Evaluation	258
Japanese Text Analysis	Guidelines for Japanese Speech Synthesizer Evaluation	77
Java	Cairo: An Alignment Visualization Tool	58
	Annotation of a Multichannel Noisy Speech Corpus	358
Kana-to-Kanji Conversion	Collocations as Word Co-ocurrence Restriction Data - An Application to Japanese Word Processor -	2
Knowledge	A Step toward Semantic Indexing of an Encyclopedic Corpus	161
	Terminology in Korea: KORTERM	276
Knowledge Acquisition	The Treatment of Adjectives in SIMPLE: Theoretical Observations	366
Knowledge Base	Design and Construction of Knowledge base for Verb using MRD and Tagged Corpus	237
Knowledge Elicitation	Towards A Universal Tool For NLP Resource Acquisition	28
Knowledge Extraction	Development of Acoustic and Linguistic Resources for Research and Evaluation in Interactive Vocal Information Servers	90
Knowledge-Rich NLP	Something Borrowed, Something Blue: Rule-based Combination of POS Taggers	158
Korean Pronunciation	Design Methodology for Bilingual Pronunciation Dictionary	269
Labeling	Labeling of Prosodic Events in Slovenian Speech Database GOPOLIS	292
Labelling	NaniTrans: a Speech Labelling Tool	345
Language Bank	The Bank of Swedish	300
Language Corpus	Rarity of Words in a Language and in a Corpus	295
Language Engineering	Software Infrastructure for Language Resources: a Taxonomy of Previous Work and a Requirements Analysis	170
	Terminology in Korea: KORTERM	276
	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
	Developing a Multilingual Telephone Based Information System in African Languages	329
Language Knowledge	The Multi-layer Language Knowledge Base of Chinese NLP	29
Language Learning	Addizionario: an Interactive Hypermedia Tool for Language Learning	374
Language Modelling	Using Lexical Semantic Knowledge from Machine Readable Dictionaries for Domain Independent Language Modelling	357
Language Processing Resource Reusability	Experiences of Language Engineering Algorithm Reuse	151
Language Requirements	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
Language Resource	Towards A Universal Tool For NLP Resource Acquisition	28
	CDB - A Database of Lexical Collocations	189
Language Resource Creation	Providing Internet Access to Portuguese Corpora: the AC/DC Project	85
Language Resources	PLEDIT - A New Efficient Tool for Management of Multilingual Pronunciation Lexica and Batchlists	53
	Issues in Corpus Creation and Distribution: The Evolution of the Linguistic Data Consortium	209
	Large, Multilingual, Broadcast News Corpora for Cooperative Research in Topic Detection and Tracking: The TDT-2 and TDT-3 Corpus Efforts	210
	Issues in Design and Collection of Large Telephone Speech Corpus for Slovenian Language	246
Language Resources Infrastructure	Software Infrastructure for Language Resources: a Taxonomy of Previous Work and a Requirements Analysis	170
Language Teaching	Spoken Portuguese: Geographic and Social Varieties	71
Language Variation	Modern Greek Corpus Taxonomy	351
Language-Independent	A Graphical Parametric Language-Independent Tool for the Annotation of Speech Corpora	314
Languages Resources	Recent Developments within the European Language Resources Association (ELRA)	377
Large-Scale Corpus	The Multi-layer Language Knowledge Base of Chinese NLP	29
Latin America	SALA: SpeechDat across Latin America. Results of the First Phase	10
LE Platforms	Experiences of Language Engineering Algorithm Reuse	151
Legal Issues	A Platform for Dutch in Human Language Technologies	348
	Recent Developments within the European Language Resources Association (ELRA)	377
Lemma and Part-of-Speech Based Aligment	Some Technical Aspects about Aligning Near Languages	186
Lexica	A Computational Platform for Development of Morphologic and Phonetic Lexica	175
Lexical Acquisition	Chinese-English Semantic Resource Construction	327
	Tuning Lexicons to New Operational Scenarios	330
Lexical Database	The Bank of Swedish	300
	The Concede Model for Lexical Databases	335
Lexical Databases	Improving Lexical Databases with Collocational Information: Data from Portuguese	340
Lexical Description	Producing LRs in Parallel with Lexicographic Description: the DCC project	112
Lexical Function	A Bilingual Electronic Dictionary for Frame Semantics	69
Lexical Gaps	Coping with Lexical Gaps when Building Aligned Multilingual Wordnets	236
Lexical Resources	Creating and Using Domain-specific Ontologies for Terminological Applications	22
	MHATLex: Lexical Resources for Modelling the French Pronunciation	37
	ItalWordNet: a Large Semantic Database for Italian	129
	GeDeriF: Automatic Generation and Analysis of Morphologically Constructed Lexical Resources	279
Lexical Semantics	Semantic Encoding of Danish Verbs in SIMPLE - Adapting a Verb Framed Model to a Satellite-framed Language	13
	SIMPLE: A General Framework for the Development of Multilingual Lexicons	61
	Automatic Extraction of Semantic Similarity of Words from Raw Technical Texts	302
	Improving Lexical Databases with Collocational Information: Data from Portuguese	340
	Using Lexical Semantic Knowledge from Machine Readable Dictionaries for Domain Independent Language Modelling	357
	The Treatment of Adjectives in SIMPLE: Theoretical Observations	366
Lexical Tuning	Tuning Lexicons to New Operational Scenarios	330
Lexical-Semantic Database	A Bilingual Electronic Dictionary for Frame Semantics	69
Lexicography	Extraction of Semantic Clusters for Terminological Information Retrieval from MRDs	35
	Producing LRs in Parallel with Lexicographic Description: the DCC project	112
	Language Resources Development at the Spanish Royal Academy	297
Lexicon	Semantic Encoding of Danish Verbs in SIMPLE - Adapting a Verb Framed Model to a Satellite-framed Language	13
	Producing LRs in Parallel with Lexicographic Description: the DCC project	112
	Language Resources Development at the Spanish Royal Academy	297
	Tuning Lexicons to New Operational Scenarios	330
Lexicon Design	A Multi-view Hyperlexicon Resource for Speech and Language System Development	243
Lexicon Implementation	A Multi-view Hyperlexicon Resource for Speech and Language System Development	243
Lexicon Specification	A Multi-view Hyperlexicon Resource for Speech and Language System Development	243
Lexicon-Cum-Corpus	CDB - A Database of Lexical Collocations	189
Linguistic Annotation	POSCAT: A Morpheme-based Speech Corpus Annotation Tool	224
Linguistic Data Acquisition	The Universal XML Organizer: UXO	253
Linguistic Database	CDB - A Database of Lexical Collocations	189
Linguistic Resources	Towards a Standard for Meta-descriptions of Language Resources	125
Linguistic Software	Tools for the Generation of Morphological Entries in Dictionaries	338
Lingware Development	Using a Formal Approach to Evaluate Grammars	285
Listening and Understanding	Spoken Portuguese: Geographic and Social Varieties	71
Live Lexicon	Live Lexicons and Dynamic Corpora Adapted to the Network Resources for Chinese Spoken Language Processing Applications in an Internet Era	214
Local grammars	Morphological Tagging to Resolve Morphological Ambiguities	277
Log files	Dialogue Annotation for Language Systems Evaluation	33
Low Bit Rate Speech Compression	Perceptual Evaluation of a New Subband Low Bit Rate Speech Compression System based on Waveform Vector Quantization and SVD Postfiltering	16
LR Domains	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
LR Tools	An Open Source Grammar Development Environment and Broad-coverage English Grammar Using HPSG	371
LVCSR	IPA Japanese Dictation Free Software Project	261
LVCSR Workbench	IPA Japanese Dictation Free Software Project	261
Machine Learning	Bootstrapping a Tagged Corpus through Combination of Existing Heterogeneous Taggers	155
	Something Borrowed, Something Blue: Rule-based Combination of POS Taggers	158
Machine Readable Dictionaries	Using Lexical Semantic Knowledge from Machine Readable Dictionaries for Domain Independent Language Modelling	357
Machine Translation	A Word Sense Disambiguation Method Using Bilingual Corpus	15
	Evaluating Translation Quality as Input to Product Development	136
	Determining the Tolerance of Text-handling Tasks for MT Output	139
	An Evaluation Tool for Machine Translation: Fast Evaluation for MT Research	278
	NL-Translex: Machine Translation for Dutch	294
	Chinese-English Semantic Resource Construction	327
Maintenance	A Platform for Dutch in Human Language Technologies	348
MARTIF	A Multi-view Hyperlexicon Resource for Speech and Language System Development	243
Masking-and-Matching Technique	Automatic Style Categorisation of Corpora in the Greek Language	301
Maturity	For a Repository of NLP Tools	316
MAUS	Regional Pronunciation Variants for Automatic Segmentation	307
Medical Terms	ARISTA Generative Lexicon for Compound Greek Medical Terms	360
Membership	Recent Developments within the European Language Resources Association (ELRA)	377
Meta-Data	Towards a Standard for Meta-descriptions of Language Resources	125
Method	ARC A3: A Method for Evaluating Term Extracting Tools and/or Semantic Relations between Terms from Corpora	247
Metrics	Issues in the Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems - Experience from the ACCeSS Project	162
	Evaluating Multi-party Multi-modal Systems	368
Microphone array	Acoustical Sound Database in Real Environments for Sound Scene Understanding and Hands-Free Speech Recognition	356
Minimally Supervised Approach	Minimally Supervised Japanese Named Entity Recognition: Resources and Evaluation	258
Minority Languages	Recruitment Techniques for Minority Language Speech Databases: Some Observations	167
	Issues from Corpus Analysis that have influenced the On-going Development of Various Haitian Creole Text- and Speech-based NLP Systems and Applications	342
Modular Programming	An Open Architecture for the Construction and Administration of Corpora	176
Monolingual Corpora	A Flexible Infrastructure for Large Monolingual Corpora	226
Monolingual LR	An Open Source Grammar Development Environment and Broad-coverage English Grammar Using HPSG	371
Morpheme-Based Annotation	POSCAT: A Morpheme-based Speech Corpus Annotation Tool	224
Morphological ambiguities	Morphological Tagging to Resolve Morphological Ambiguities	277
Morphological Analysis	Language Resources Development at the Spanish Royal Academy	297
Morphological Processing	Automatic Style Categorisation of Corpora in the Greek Language	301
Morphological tagging	Morphological Tagging to Resolve Morphological Ambiguities	277
Morphology	Terms Specification and Extraction within a Linguistic-based Intranet Service	17
	A Word-level Morphosyntactic Analyzer for Basque	44
	A Computational Platform for Development of Morphologic and Phonetic Lexica	175
	Enhancing Speech Corpus Resources with Multiple Lexical Tag Layers	183
	An Optimised FS Pronunciation Resource Generator for Highly Inflecting Languages	251
	An Approach to Lexical Development for Inflectional Languages	256
Morphophonology	An Optimised FS Pronunciation Resource Generator for Highly Inflecting Languages	251
Morpho-Syntactic Annotation	A Web-based Text Corpora Development System	105
Morphosyntax	A Word-level Morphosyntactic Analyzer for Basque	44
Morpohological Annotation vs Tagging	The Context (not only) for Humans	156
MRD	Design and Construction of Knowledge base for Verb using MRD and Tagged Corpus	237
MUC-7	CLinkA A Coreferential Links Annotator	179
Multi-Channel Databases	Annotation of a Multichannel Noisy Speech Corpus	358
Multi-Criteria Diagnosis	Obtaining Predictive Results with an Objective Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems: Experiments with the DCR Assessment Paradigm	36
Multidimensional Statistics	TyPTex: Inductive Typological Text Classification by Multivariate Statistical Analysis for NLP Systems Tuning/Evaluation	254
Multi-Document Summarization	Evaluating Summaries for Multiple Documents in an Interactive Environment	163
Multilingual	SPEECHDAT-CAR. A Large Speech Database for Automotive Environments	373
Multi-Lingual	Cross-lingual Interpolation of Speech Recognition Models	147
Multilingual Alignment	Lexical and Translation Equivalence in Parallel Corpora	122
Multilingual Corpora	Something Borrowed, Something Blue: Rule-based Combination of POS Taggers	158
Multilingual Information Schemes	Extraction of Concepts and Multilingual Information Schemes from French and English Economics Documents	202
Multilingual LR	Resources for Multilingual Text Generation in Three Slavic Languages	241
Multilingual Terminological Resources	Accessibility of Multilingual Terminological Resources - Current Problems and Prospects for the Future	283
Multilingual Test Collections	The Evaluation of Systems for Cross-language Information Retrieval	70
Multilingual Tool	CLinkA A Coreferential Links Annotator	179
Multilingual Wordnets	Coping with Lexical Gaps when Building Aligned Multilingual Wordnets	236
Multi-Linguality	The COST 249 SpeechDat Multilingual Reference Recogniser	274
Multimedia	Addizionario: an Interactive Hypermedia Tool for Language Learning	374
Multi-Media	The EUDICO Project, Multi Media Annotation over the Internet	45
Multi-Media and Multi-Modal Language Resources	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
Named Entity Extraction	Annotating Resources for Information Extraction	263
Named Entity Recognition	LT TTT - A Flexible Tokenisation Tool	93
	Named Entity Recognition in Greek Texts	173
Named Entity Tagging	Development of Acoustic and Linguistic Resources for Research and Evaluation in Interactive Vocal Information Servers	90
Natural Language Generation	Target Suites for Evaluating the Coverage of Text Generators	92
	Enabling Resource Sharing in Language Generation: an Abstract Reference Architecture	244
	Automatic Generation of Dictionary Definitions from a Computational Lexicon	306
Natural Language Processing	A Word Sense Disambiguation Method Using Bilingual Corpus	15
	Extraction of Semantic Clusters for Terminological Information Retrieval from MRDs	35
	TyPTex: Inductive Typological Text Classification by Multivariate Statistical Analysis for NLP Systems Tuning/Evaluation	254
	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval	Evaluating Wordnets in Cross-language Information Retrieval: the ITEM Search Engine	250
Natural Language Processing Systems	Issues from Corpus Analysis that have influenced the On-going Development of Various Haitian Creole Text- and Speech-based NLP Systems and Applications	342
Neo-Classical Compounds	Use of Greek and Latin Forms for Term Detection	55
Neural Networks	Shallow Discourse Genre Annotation in CallHome Spanish	228
Newspapers	A Self-Expanding Corpus Based on Newspapers on the Web	362
NIST	Design Issues in Text-Independent Speaker Recognition Evaluation	286
NLG	Target Suites for Evaluating the Coverage of Text Generators	92
NLP	Creating and Using Domain-specific Ontologies for Terminological Applications	22
	Morphological Tagging to Resolve Morphological Ambiguities	277
	Automatic Extraction of Semantic Similarity of Words from Raw Technical Texts	302
NLP Applications	For a Repository of NLP Tools	316
NLP Offer	For a Repository of NLP Tools	316
NLP Tools	Electronic Language Resources for Polish: POLEX, CEGLEX and GRAMLEX	62
	Language Resources Development at the Spanish Royal Academy	297
NLP-Lexicon	Towards a Strategy for a Representation of Collocations - Extending the Danish PAROLE-lexicon	47
Non-Linear	The (Un)Deterministic Nature of Morphological Context	200
Non-Native Speech	The ISLE Corpus of Non-Native Spoken English	313
Non-Uniform Units	Design of Optimal Slovenian Speech Corpus for Use in the Concatenative Speech Synthesis System	177
Objective evaluation	The Cost258 Signal Generation Test Array	1
Object-Oriented Approach	Object-oriented Access to the Estonian Phonetic Database	128
OCR	Issues from Corpus Analysis that have influenced the On-going Development of Various Haitian Creole Text- and Speech-based NLP Systems and Applications	342
OCR Database	GRUHD: A Greek database of Unconstrained Handwriting	289
On-Line Evaluation	On the Use of Prosody for On-line Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems	43
Ontologies	Extraction of Semantic Clusters for Terminological Information Retrieval from MRDs	35
Ontology	Creating and Using Domain-specific Ontologies for Terminological Applications	22
Oral Corpora	Portuguese Corpora at CLUL	72
Oral Databases	SALA: SpeechDat across Latin America. Results of the First Phase	10
	SPEECHDAT-CAR. A Large Speech Database for Automotive Environments	373
Organisational Issues	A Platform for Dutch in Human Language Technologies	348
Orthographic Labeling	Development of Acoustic and Linguistic Resources for Research and Evaluation in Interactive Vocal Information Servers	90
Orthographic Transcription	Orthographic Transcription of the Spoken Dutch Corpus	87
Orthography Conversion	Issues from Corpus Analysis that have influenced the On-going Development of Various Haitian Creole Text- and Speech-based NLP Systems and Applications	342
Paradigmatic and Semantic Properties of Suffixes	Derivation in the Czech National Corpus	153
Parallel Corpora	Lexical and Translation Equivalence in Parallel Corpora	122
	Something Borrowed, Something Blue: Rule-based Combination of POS Taggers	158
Parallel Corpus	Building the Croatian-English Parallel Corpus	119
	A Parallel Corpus of Italian/German Legal Texts	140
Parallel Multilingual Evaluation Materials	A Parallel English-Japanese Query Collection for the Evaluation of On-Line Help Systems	248
Parallel Text	Evaluation of Word Alignment Systems	137
Parallell Corpora	The Bank of Swedish	300
Parametric	A Graphical Parametric Language-Independent Tool for the Annotation of Speech Corpora	314
PAROLE	Towards a Strategy for a Representation of Collocations - Extending the Danish PAROLE-lexicon	47
Parsing	A Treebank of Spanish and its Application to Parsing	66
	Providing Internet Access to Portuguese Corpora: the AC/DC Project	85
	An Architecture for Document Routing in Spanish: Two Language Components, Pre-processor and Parser	91
	Building a Treebank for French	230
Parsing Evaluation	Where Opposites Meet. A Syntactic Meta-scheme for Corpus Annotation and Parsing Evaluation	98
Partial Parsing	PoS Disambiguation and Partial Parsing Bidirectional Interaction	169
	A Robust Parser for Unrestricted Greek Text	174
Partnership	Recent Developments within the European Language Resources Association (ELRA)	377
Part-of-Speech Tagging	A Web-based Text Corpora Development System	105
	The Bank of Swedish	300
Perception	On the Use of Prosody for On-line Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems	43
Perceptual Evaluation	Perceptual Evaluation of a New Subband Low Bit Rate Speech Compression System based on Waveform Vector Quantization and SVD Postfiltering	16
	Perceptual Evaluation of Text-to-Speech Implementation of Enclitic Stress in Greek	48
Performance Variations	Sublanguage Dependent Evaluation: Toward Predicting NLP performances	252
Performances Measures	Predictive Performance of Dialog Systems	303
Phonetic Database	Object-oriented Access to the Estonian Phonetic Database	128
Phonetic Knowledge	Object-oriented Access to the Estonian Phonetic Database	128
Phonetics	Models of Russian Text/Speech Interactive Databases for Supporting of Scientific, Practical and Cultural Researches	185
Phrasal verbs	Semantic Encoding of Danish Verbs in SIMPLE - Adapting a Verb Framed Model to a Satellite-framed Language	13
Polish	An HPSG-Annotated Test Suite for Polish	272
Polish Morphology	Electronic Language Resources for Polish: POLEX, CEGLEX and GRAMLEX	62
Polysemy	What's in a Thesaurus?	180
Portuguese Corpus	Spoken Portuguese: Geographic and Social Varieties	71
Portuguese Resources	Improving Lexical Databases with Collocational Information: Data from Portuguese	340
Portuguese Varieties	Spoken Portuguese: Geographic and Social Varieties	71
	Portuguese Corpora at CLUL	72
PoS Disambiguation	PoS Disambiguation and Partial Parsing Bidirectional Interaction	169
POS Tagging	Something Borrowed, Something Blue: Rule-based Combination of POS Taggers	158
	A Unified POS Tagging Architecture and its Application to Greek	181
	Part of Speech Tagging and Lemmatisation for the Spoken Dutch Corpus	216
	Sublanguage Dependent Evaluation: Toward Predicting NLP performances	252
POS1	Morphological Tagging to Resolve Morphological Ambiguities	277
Predicate-Argument Structure	Semantic Tagging for the Penn Treebank	197
Priorities	A Platform for Dutch in Human Language Technologies	348
Privileged co-Occurrence	Improving Lexical Databases with Collocational Information: Data from Portuguese	340
Probabilistic Method	Using Few Clues Can Compensate the Small Amount of Resources Available for Word Sense Disambiguation	350
Processing	A Strategy for the Syntactic Parsing of Corpora: from Constraint Grammar Output to Unification-based Processing	111
Productivity of Suffixes	Derivation in the Czech National Corpus	153
Project Introduction	Introduction of KIBS (Korean Information Base System) Project	239
Prompting Strategy	Dialogue and Prompting Strategies Evaluation in the DEMON System	38
Pronunciation	An Optimised FS Pronunciation Resource Generator for Highly Inflecting Languages	251
Pronunciation Dictionary	Design Methodology for Bilingual Pronunciation Dictionary	269
Pronunciation Lexica Editor	PLEDIT - A New Efficient Tool for Management of Multilingual Pronunciation Lexica and Batchlists	53
Pronunciation Lexicon	PLEDIT - A New Efficient Tool for Management of Multilingual Pronunciation Lexica and Batchlists	53
Pronunciation Model	MHATLex: Lexical Resources for Modelling the French Pronunciation	37
Pronunciation Training	The ISLE Corpus of Non-Native Spoken English	313
Pronunciation Variants	A French Phonetic Lexicon with Variants for Speech and Language Processing	133
Prosodic Boundaries	Labeling of Prosodic Events in Slovenian Speech Database GOPOLIS	292
Prosody	GREEK ToBI: A System for the Annotation of Greek Speech Corpora	7
	On the Use of Prosody for On-line Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems	43
	Perceptual Evaluation of Text-to-Speech Implementation of Enclitic Stress in Greek	48
	Labeling of Prosodic Events in Slovenian Speech Database GOPOLIS	292
Quality Control	Developing Guidelines and Ensuring Consistency for Chinese Text Annotation	287
Query Language	The MATE Workbench Annotation Tool, a Technical Description	166
Question Answering	The TREC-8 Question Answering Track	26
	How to Evaluate Your Question Answering System Every Day ... and Still Get Real Work Done	203
Question-Answering	A Step toward Semantic Indexing of an Encyclopedic Corpus	161
Questionnaires	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
Rarity	Rarity of Words in a Language and in a Corpus	295
Rating Scales	Evaluating Translation Quality as Input to Product Development	136
Reading Comprehension	How to Evaluate Your Question Answering System Every Day ... and Still Get Real Work Done	203
Real environments	Acoustical Sound Database in Real Environments for Sound Scene Understanding and Hands-Free Speech Recognition	356
Recruitment	Recruitment Techniques for Minority Language Speech Databases: Some Observations	167
Reduced Frequency	Rarity of Words in a Language and in a Corpus	295
Reference Systems	The COST 249 SpeechDat Multilingual Reference Recogniser	274
Referential Expressions	Annotating a Corpus to Develop and Evaluate Discourse Entity Realization Algorithms: Issues and Preliminary Results	193
Regional Pronunciation Rules	Regional Pronunciation Variants for Automatic Segmentation	307
Relational Model and Database for Lexical Collocations	CDB - A Database of Lexical Collocations	189
Research Center	Terminology in Korea: KORTERM	276
Resource Discovery	Towards a Standard for Meta-descriptions of Language Resources	125
Resources	SIMPLE: A General Framework for the Development of Multilingual Lexicons	61
	Electronic Language Resources for Polish: POLEX, CEGLEX and GRAMLEX	62
	Reusability as Easy Adaptability: A Substantial Advance in NL Technology	298
Reusability	Enabling Resource Sharing in Language Generation: an Abstract Reference Architecture	244
	Reusability as Easy Adaptability: A Substantial Advance in NL Technology	298
Reuse	Issues in Corpus Creation and Distribution: The Evolution of the Linguistic Data Consortium	209
Reuse of Resources	Bootstrapping a Tagged Corpus through Combination of Existing Heterogeneous Taggers	155
Reusing LR	Resources for Multilingual Text Generation in Three Slavic Languages	241
Rexical Semantic Networks	ItalWordNet: a Large Semantic Database for Italian	129
Robust Parsing	A Step toward Semantic Indexing of an Encyclopedic Corpus	161
Rule-Based	Rule-based Tagging: Morphological Tagset versus Tagset of Analytical Functions	199
Rule-Based Morphology	Tools for the Generation of Morphological Entries in Dictionaries	338
Rule-Based Stemming	GeDeriF: Automatic Generation and Analysis of Morphologically Constructed Lexical Resources	279
SALT	Accessibility of Multilingual Terminological Resources - Current Problems and Prospects for the Future	283
Satellited-Framed Language	Semantic Encoding of Danish Verbs in SIMPLE - Adapting a Verb Framed Model to a Satellite-framed Language	13
Scheme-Scripting	The Universal XML Organizer: UXO	253
Scientific and Cultural Research	Models of Russian Text/Speech Interactive Databases for Supporting of Scientific, Practical and Cultural Researches	185
Segmentation	Annotation of a Multichannel Noisy Speech Corpus	358
Segmentation Tools	SegWin: a Tool for Segmenting, Annotating, and Controlling the Creation of a Database of Spoken Italian Varieties	310
Semantic Classification	Controlled Bootstrapping of Lexico-semantic Classes as a Bridge between Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Knowledge: Methodology and Evaluation	99
Semantic Lexicon	Automatic Generation of Dictionary Definitions from a Computational Lexicon	306
Semantic Lexicons	Annotating, Disambiguating & Automatically Extending the Coverage of the Swedish SIMPLE Lexicon	84
Semantic Network	A Step toward Semantic Indexing of an Encyclopedic Corpus	161
Semantic Resource Construction	Chinese-English Semantic Resource Construction	327
Semantic Similarity	What's in a Thesaurus?	180
Semantic Tagging	An Experiment of Lexical-Semantic Tagging of an Italian Corpus	60
	Annotating, Disambiguating & Automatically Extending the Coverage of the Swedish SIMPLE Lexicon	84
Semantics	Extraction of Semantic Clusters for Terminological Information Retrieval from MRDs	35
Semetic Language SR	Creation of Spoken Hebrew Databases	52
Sense Discrimination	Lexical and Translation Equivalence in Parallel Corpora	122
Sense Distinctions	Semantic Tagging for the Penn Treebank	197
Sense Tagging	An Experiment of Lexical-Semantic Tagging of an Italian Corpus	60
SENSEVAL	English Senseval: Report and Results	8
Sentence Aligment	Some Technical Aspects about Aligning Near Languages	186
Sentence Alignment	Automatic Extraction of English-Chinese Term Lexicons from Noisy Bilingual Corpora	208
Sentence Extraction	Term-based Identification of Sentences for Text Summarisation	106
Server	The Cost258 Signal Generation Test Array	1
SGML	A Proposal for the Integration of NLP Tools using SGML-Tagged Documents	68
	A Multi-view Hyperlexicon Resource for Speech and Language System Development	243
Shallow Parsing	Annotating, Disambiguating & Automatically Extending the Coverage of the Swedish SIMPLE Lexicon	84
Shallow Processing	Looking for Errors: A Declarative Formalism for Resource-adaptive Language Checking	299
Shalow Parsing	Building a Treebank for French	230
Signal-Level Annotation	POSCAT: A Morpheme-based Speech Corpus Annotation Tool	224
Similarity Measure	Cardinal, Nominal or Ordinal Similarity Measures in Comparative Evaluation of Information Retrieval Process	367
SIMPLE	Annotating, Disambiguating & Automatically Extending the Coverage of the Swedish SIMPLE Lexicon	84
SIMPLE Computational Lexicon	Automatic Generation of Dictionary Definitions from a Computational Lexicon	306
Size-Limited Resources	Using Few Clues Can Compensate the Small Amount of Resources Available for Word Sense Disambiguation	350
SLDSs Evaluation Procedures	Dialogue Annotation for Language Systems Evaluation	33
Slovene Langauge	Morphosyntactic Tagging of Slovene: Evaluating Taggers and Tagsets	146
Software Architectur	TyPTex: Inductive Typological Text Classification by Multivariate Statistical Analysis for NLP Systems Tuning/Evaluation	254
SORIDA	Design Methodology for Bilingual Pronunciation Dictionary	269
Sound Scene	Acoustical Sound Database in Real Environments for Sound Scene Understanding and Hands-Free Speech Recognition	356
Spanish	A Treebank of Spanish and its Application to Parsing	66
	Language Resources Development at the Spanish Royal Academy	297
Spanish and Portuguese	SALA: SpeechDat across Latin America. Results of the First Phase	10
Speaker Recognition	Design Issues in Text-Independent Speaker Recognition Evaluation	286
Speech	The Cost258 Signal Generation Test Array	1
	Guidelines for Japanese Speech Synthesizer Evaluation	77
	Models of Russian Text/Speech Interactive Databases for Supporting of Scientific, Practical and Cultural Researches	185
	Shallow Discourse Genre Annotation in CallHome Spanish	228
Speech Act	Shallow Discourse Genre Annotation in CallHome Spanish	228
Speech Corpora	Orthographic Transcription of the Spoken Dutch Corpus	87
	Enhancing Speech Corpus Resources with Multiple Lexical Tag Layers	183
	A Graphical Parametric Language-Independent Tool for the Annotation of Speech Corpora	314
Speech Corpus	Corpora of Slovene Spoken Language for Multi-lingual Applications	288
Speech Corpus Annotation	The ISLE Corpus of Non-Native Spoken English	313
Speech Corpus Annotation Tool	POSCAT: A Morpheme-based Speech Corpus Annotation Tool	224
Speech Corpus Design	The ISLE Corpus of Non-Native Spoken English	313
Speech Data Annotation	Development of Acoustic and Linguistic Resources for Research and Evaluation in Interactive Vocal Information Servers	90
Speech Database	Labeling of Prosodic Events in Slovenian Speech Database GOPOLIS	292
Speech Databases	Recruitment Techniques for Minority Language Speech Databases: Some Observations	167
	Issues in Design and Collection of Large Telephone Speech Corpus for Slovenian Language	246
	Developing a Multilingual Telephone Based Information System in African Languages	329
	SpeechDat-Car Fixed Platform	331
	COCOSDA - a Progress Report	364
Speech Dictation Task	Issues in Design and Collection of Large Telephone Speech Corpus for Slovenian Language	246
Speech Generation	Evaluation of a Dialogue System Based on a Generic Model that Combines Robust Speech Understanding and Mixed-initiative Control	101
Speech Input/Output	COCOSDA - a Progress Report	364
Speech Lexica	Enhancing Speech Corpus Resources with Multiple Lexical Tag Layers	183
Speech Processing	Object-oriented Access to the Estonian Phonetic Database	128
	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
Speech Recognition	SALA: SpeechDat across Latin America. Results of the First Phase	10
	Creation of Spoken Hebrew Databases	52
	SPEECON - Speech Data for Consumer Devices	63
	Evaluation of a Dialogue System Based on a Generic Model that Combines Robust Speech Understanding and Mixed-initiative Control	101
	Cross-lingual Interpolation of Speech Recognition Models	147
	Spontaneous Speech Corpus of Japanese	262
	The ISLE Corpus of Non-Native Spoken English	313
	Using Lexical Semantic Knowledge from Machine Readable Dictionaries for Domain Independent Language Modelling	357
	SPEECHDAT-CAR. A Large Speech Database for Automotive Environments	373
Speech Synthesis	Perceptual Evaluation of Text-to-Speech Implementation of Enclitic Stress in Greek	48
Speech Transcription Tool	Transcribing with Annotation Graphs	192
Speech Understanding	Evaluation of a Dialogue System Based on a Generic Model that Combines Robust Speech Understanding and Mixed-initiative Control	101
SpeechDat	Recruitment Techniques for Minority Language Speech Databases: Some Observations	167
SpeechDat-Car	SpeechDat-Car Fixed Platform	331
Speech-to-Speech Machine Translation	Lessons Learned from a Task-based Evaluation of Speech-to-Speech Machine Translation	215
Spoken Commands	Corpora of Slovene Spoken Language for Multi-lingual Applications	288
Spoken Corpora	GREEK ToBI: A System for the Annotation of Greek Speech Corpora	7
Spoken Corpus	Language Resources Development at the Spanish Royal Academy	297
Spoken Database	Creation of Spoken Hebrew Databases	52
Spoken Dialog Systems	MDWOZ: A Wizard of Oz Environment for Dialog Systems Development	104
Spoken Dialogue Architectures	Galaxy-II as an Architecture for Spoken Dialogue Evaluation	116
Spoken Dialogue Dystems	Dialogue and Prompting Strategies Evaluation in the DEMON System	38
	Galaxy-II as an Architecture for Spoken Dialogue Evaluation	116
Spoken Dialogue Systems	On the Use of Prosody for On-line Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems	43
	Evaluation of a Dialogue System Based on a Generic Model that Combines Robust Speech Understanding and Mixed-initiative Control	101
	A Methodology for Evaluating Spoken Language Dialogue Systems and Their Components	135
Spoken Dutch	Orthographic Transcription of the Spoken Dutch Corpus	87
Spoken Language Corpora	The Spoken Dutch Corpus. Overview and First Evaluation	110
Spoken Language Dialogue Systems	Issues in the Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems - Experience from the ACCeSS Project	162
Spoken Language Resources	Orthographic Transcription of the Spoken Dutch Corpus	87
	Annotating Communication Problems Using the MATE Workbench	134
Spoken Language Understanding	Obtaining Predictive Results with an Objective Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems: Experiments with the DCR Assessment Paradigm	36
Spoken Language Varieties	SegWin: a Tool for Segmenting, Annotating, and Controlling the Creation of a Database of Spoken Italian Varieties	310
Spoken Portuguese	Spoken Portuguese: Geographic and Social Varieties	71
Spontaneous Speech	What are Transcription Errors and Why are They made?	205
	The Influence of Scenario Constraints on the Spontaneity of Speech. A Comparison of Dialogue Corpora	217
	Spontaneous Speech Corpus of Japanese	262
Standardisation	Annotating Communication Problems Using the MATE Workbench	134
	COCOSDA - a Progress Report	364
Standardization	Using a Large Set of EAGLES-compliant Morpho-syntactic Descriptors as a Tagset for Probabilistic Tagging	11
	Towards a Standard for Meta-descriptions of Language Resources	125
	Issues from Corpus Analysis that have influenced the On-going Development of Various Haitian Creole Text- and Speech-based NLP Systems and Applications	342
Standards	The American National Corpus: A Standardized Resource for American English	196
Standards and Tools	Issues in Corpus Creation and Distribution: The Evolution of the Linguistic Data Consortium	209
Statistical Language Model	Semi-automatic Construction of a Tree-annotated Corpus Using an Iterative Learning Statistical Language Model	341
Statistical Linguistics	Modern Greek Corpus Taxonomy	351
Statistical Machine Translation	Evaluation of TRANSTYPE, a Computer-aided Translation Typing System: A Comparison of a Theoretical- and a User-oriented Evaluation Procedures	34
	Cairo: An Alignment Visualization Tool	58
Statistical NLP	Term-based Identification of Sentences for Text Summarisation	106
Statistics	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
Stress	Perceptual Evaluation of Text-to-Speech Implementation of Enclitic Stress in Greek	48
Structure Driven Processing	Interarbora and Thistle - Delivering Linguistic Structure by the Internet	319
Stylesheet	The MATE Workbench Annotation Tool, a Technical Description	166
Stylistic Analysis	Modern Greek Corpus Taxonomy	351
Subband Approach	Perceptual Evaluation of a New Subband Low Bit Rate Speech Compression System based on Waveform Vector Quantization and SVD Postfiltering	16
Subcategorization	Learning Verb Subcategorization from Corpora: Counting Frame Subsets	145
	Automatic Assignment of Grammatical Relations	218
Subject Field Codes	Integrating Subject Field Codes into WordNet	219
Sublanguages	Sublanguage Dependent Evaluation: Toward Predicting NLP performances	252
	ARISTA Generative Lexicon for Compound Greek Medical Terms	360
Success Rate	Issues in the Evaluation of Spoken Dialogue Systems - Experience from the ACCeSS Project	162
Surface realization	Target Suites for Evaluating the Coverage of Text Generators	92
Surveys	For a Repository of NLP Tools	316
	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
	Recent Developments within the European Language Resources Association (ELRA)	377
SVD	Perceptual Evaluation of a New Subband Low Bit Rate Speech Compression System based on Waveform Vector Quantization and SVD Postfiltering	16
Syntactic Analysis	A Strategy for the Syntactic Parsing of Corpora: from Constraint Grammar Output to Unification-based Processing	111
Syntactic and Semantic Constraints	Extraction of Concepts and Multilingual Information Schemes from French and English Economics Documents	202
Syntactic Annotation of Corpora	Where Opposites Meet. A Syntactic Meta-scheme for Corpus Annotation and Parsing Evaluation	98
Syntactic Normalization	An Architecture for Document Routing in Spanish: Two Language Components, Pre-processor and Parser	91
Syntactic Patterns	Producing LRs in Parallel with Lexicographic Description: the DCC project	112
Syntax	Semantico-syntactic Tagging of Very Large Corpora: the Case of Restoration of Nodes on the Underlying Level	18
	Coreference in Annotating a Large Corpus	19
	Towards A Universal Tool For NLP Resource Acquisition	28
	An XML-based Representation Format for Syntactically Annotated Corpora	59
	A Treebank of Spanish and its Application to Parsing	66
	Learning Verb Subcategorization from Corpora: Counting Frame Subsets	145
Syntax-Semantics Linking	SIMPLE: A General Framework for the Development of Multilingual Lexicons	61
Synthesizer	Guidelines for Japanese Speech Synthesizer Evaluation	77
System Evaluation Methodologies	The Evaluation of Systems for Cross-language Information Retrieval	70
Tag Set for Chinese	Hua Yu: A Word-segmented and Part-Of-Speech Tagged Chinese Corpus	372
Tagged Corpus	Design and Construction of Knowledge base for Verb using MRD and Tagged Corpus	237
Tagger Evaluation	Part of Speech Tagging and Lemmatisation for the Spoken Dutch Corpus	216
Tagging	Morphosyntactic Tagging of Slovene: Evaluating Taggers and Tagsets	146
	Bootstrapping a Tagged Corpus through Combination of Existing Heterogeneous Taggers	155
	Rule-based Tagging: Morphological Tagset versus Tagset of Analytical Functions	199
	Building a Treebank for French	230
	TyPTex: Inductive Typological Text Classification by Multivariate Statistical Analysis for NLP Systems Tuning/Evaluation	254
Tagset	Rule-based Tagging: Morphological Tagset versus Tagset of Analytical Functions	199
Tagset Design	Using a Large Set of EAGLES-compliant Morpho-syntactic Descriptors as a Tagset for Probabilistic Tagging	11
	Part of Speech Tagging and Lemmatisation for the Spoken Dutch Corpus	216
	Principled Hidden Tagset Design for Tiered Tagging of Hungarian	249
Tagset Reduction	Principled Hidden Tagset Design for Tiered Tagging of Hungarian	249
Target suites	Target Suites for Evaluating the Coverage of Text Generators	92
Task-Based Evaluation	A Comparison of Summarization Methods Based on Task-based Evaluation	14
	Lessons Learned from a Task-based Evaluation of Speech-to-Speech Machine Translation	215
TDT	Enhancing the TDT Tracking Evaluation	5
TEI	The Concede Model for Lexical Databases	335
TEI-Conformant Feature Structures	A Proposal for the Integration of NLP Tools using SGML-Tagged Documents	68
Telephone Speech	SALA: SpeechDat across Latin America. Results of the First Phase	10
Telephony Applications	Creation of Spoken Hebrew Databases	52
Telephony Speech Databases	The COST 249 SpeechDat Multilingual Reference Recogniser	274
Temporal Information	Annotating Events and Temporal Information in Newswire Texts	321
Term Detection	Use of Greek and Latin Forms for Term Detection	55
Term Extraction	Designing a Tool for Exploiting Bilingual Comparable Corpora	20
	Automatic Extraction of English-Chinese Term Lexicons from Noisy Bilingual Corpora	208
Terminological Resources	Term-based Identification of Sentences for Text Summarisation	106
Terminology	Terms Specification and Extraction within a Linguistic-based Intranet Service	17
	Creating and Using Domain-specific Ontologies for Terminological Applications	22
	Extraction of Semantic Clusters for Terminological Information Retrieval from MRDs	35
	Use of Greek and Latin Forms for Term Detection	55
	Terminology in Korea: KORTERM	276
Terminology Extraction	ARC A3: A Method for Evaluating Term Extracting Tools and/or Semantic Relations between Terms from Corpora	247
Terminology Lexicons	Automatically Augmenting Terminological Lexicons from Untagged Text	320
Terminology Resource	Terminology in Korea: KORTERM	276
Test Suite	An HPSG-Annotated Test Suite for Polish	272
Test suites	Target Suites for Evaluating the Coverage of Text Generators	92
Text	Resources for Multilingual Text Generation in Three Slavic Languages	241
Text Analysis	Terms Specification and Extraction within a Linguistic-based Intranet Service	17
Text Categorization	Modern Greek Corpus Taxonomy	351
Text Classification	Integrating Subject Field Codes into WordNet	219
Text Corpora	A Web-based Text Corpora Development System	105
Text Processing	A Computational Platform for Development of Morphologic and Phonetic Lexica	175
	Design of Optimal Slovenian Speech Corpus for Use in the Concatenative Speech Synthesis System	177
Text Summarisation	Term-based Identification of Sentences for Text Summarisation	106
Text Technology	Enhancing Speech Corpus Resources with Multiple Lexical Tag Layers	183
Text Typology	TyPTex: Inductive Typological Text Classification by Multivariate Statistical Analysis for NLP Systems Tuning/Evaluation	254
Text Understanding	Coreference Resolution Evaluation Based on Descriptive Specificity	131
Text-Handling tasks	Determining the Tolerance of Text-handling Tasks for MT Output	139
Text-independence	Design Issues in Text-Independent Speaker Recognition Evaluation	286
Text-To-Speech	Perceptual Evaluation of Text-to-Speech Implementation of Enclitic Stress in Greek	48
Textual Typology	Sublanguage Dependent Evaluation: Toward Predicting NLP performances	252
Thematic Roles	Chinese-English Semantic Resource Construction	327
Thesaurus	Automatically Expansion of Thesaurus Entries with a Different Thesaurus	142
	What's in a Thesaurus?	180
Tiered Tagging	Using a Large Set of EAGLES-compliant Morpho-syntactic Descriptors as a Tagset for Probabilistic Tagging	11
	Principled Hidden Tagset Design for Tiered Tagging of Hungarian	249
ToBI	GREEK ToBI: A System for the Annotation of Greek Speech Corpora	7
Tokenisation	LT TTT - A Flexible Tokenisation Tool	93
Tool Directory	For a Repository of NLP Tools	316
Tool Typology	For a Repository of NLP Tools	316
Tools	Portuguese Corpora at CLUL	72
	Annotating Communication Problems Using the MATE Workbench	134
	Reusability as Easy Adaptability: A Substantial Advance in NL Technology	298
Tools for Grammar Evaluation	An HPSG-Annotated Test Suite for Polish	272
Topic Detection	Evaluating Summaries for Multiple Documents in an Interactive Environment	163
Topic Detection and Tracking	Large, Multilingual, Broadcast News Corpora for Cooperative Research in Topic Detection and Tracking: The TDT-2 and TDT-3 Corpus Efforts	210
Topic Tracking	Enhancing the TDT Tracking Evaluation	5
Topic(s) of Interest	Determining the Tolerance of Text-handling Tasks for MT Output	139
Traditional Dictionaries	Tools for the Generation of Morphological Entries in Dictionaries	338
Trained Systems	Annotating Resources for Information Extraction	263
Training Data	Semantic Tagging for the Penn Treebank	197
Transcription	What are Transcription Errors and Why are They made?	205
Transcription Tool	The Universal XML Organizer: UXO	253
Transformation Based Learning	A Unified POS Tagging Architecture and its Application to Greek	181
Translation Equivalents	Designing a Tool for Exploiting Bilingual Comparable Corpora	20
Translation Memory	TransSearch: A Free Translation Memory on the World Wide Web	12
Translation Quality	Evaluating Translation Quality as Input to Product Development	136
Translation Resource	TransSearch: A Free Translation Memory on the World Wide Web	12
Translation Studies	A Software Toolkit for Sharing and Accessing Corpora Over the Internet	337
Translational English	A Software Toolkit for Sharing and Accessing Corpora Over the Internet	337
Tree Bank	Introduction of KIBS (Korean Information Base System) Project	239
Tree-Annotated Coprpus	Semi-automatic Construction of a Tree-annotated Corpus Using an Iterative Learning Statistical Language Model	341
Treebank	A Treebank of Spanish and its Application to Parsing	66
	Building a Treebank for Italian: a Data-driven Annotation Schema	220
	Building a Treebank for French	230
Turn-Taking	The Influence of Scenario Constraints on the Spontaneity of Speech. A Comparison of Dialogue Corpora	217
Unconstrained Speech Recognition	Development of Acoustic and Linguistic Resources for Research and Evaluation in Interactive Vocal Information Servers	90
Unconstrained Writing	GRUHD: A Greek database of Unconstrained Handwriting	289
Up-Translation	The Concede Model for Lexical Databases	335
Usability	Dialogue and Prompting Strategies Evaluation in the DEMON System	38
	Evaluating Multi-party Multi-modal Systems	368
Usage	For a Repository of NLP Tools	316
User Friendly Search System	A Web-based Advanced and User Friendly System: The Oslo Corpus of Tagged Norwegian Texts	363
User Interface	CLinkA A Coreferential Links Annotator	179
User Needs	Survey of Language Engineering Needs: a Language Resources Perspective	317
Users	Determining the Tolerance of Text-handling Tasks for MT Output	139
Valency	Learning Verb Subcategorization from Corpora: Counting Frame Subsets	145
Validation	The TREC-8 Question Answering Track	26
	Recent Developments within the European Language Resources Association (ELRA)	377
Variants	Regional Pronunciation Variants for Automatic Segmentation	307
Variation	The Influence of Scenario Constraints on the Spontaneity of Speech. A Comparison of Dialogue Corpora	217
Verb	Learning Verb Subcategorization from Corpora: Counting Frame Subsets	145
	Design and Construction of Knowledge base for Verb using MRD and Tagged Corpus	237
Verb Classification	Establishing the Upper Bound and Inter-judge Agreement of a Verb Classification Task	233
Vernacular Languages	Issues from Corpus Analysis that have influenced the On-going Development of Various Haitian Creole Text- and Speech-based NLP Systems and Applications	342
Visualization	Cairo: An Alignment Visualization Tool	58
	Interarbora and Thistle - Delivering Linguistic Structure by the Internet	319
Web	A Self-Expanding Corpus Based on Newspapers on the Web	362
Web Application	Design and Implementation of the Online ILSP Greek Corpus	336
Web Interface	A Web-based Advanced and User Friendly System: The Oslo Corpus of Tagged Norwegian Texts	363
Web Interfaces	Providing Internet Access to Portuguese Corpora: the AC/DC Project	85
Web Search	A Flexible Infrastructure for Large Monolingual Corpora	226
Web-Based Concordance	A Self-Expanding Corpus Based on Newspapers on the Web	362
Welsh	Recruitment Techniques for Minority Language Speech Databases: Some Observations	167
Wizard of Oz Simulation	MDWOZ: A Wizard of Oz Environment for Dialog Systems Development	104
Word Accent	Labeling of Prosodic Events in Slovenian Speech Database GOPOLIS	292
Word Alignment	Cairo: An Alignment Visualization Tool	58
	Evaluation of Word Alignment Systems	137
Word Clustering	Automatic Extraction of Semantic Similarity of Words from Raw Technical Texts	302
Word Combinations	Towards a Strategy for a Representation of Collocations - Extending the Danish PAROLE-lexicon	47
Word Formation	Application of WordNet ILR in Czech Word-formation	223
Word Formation Rules	The Multi-layer Language Knowledge Base of Chinese NLP	29
Word Segmentation	The Multi-layer Language Knowledge Base of Chinese NLP	29
Word Segmentation and Part-of-Speech Tagging	Hua Yu: A Word-segmented and Part-Of-Speech Tagged Chinese Corpus	372
Word Sense Disambiguation	English Senseval: Report and Results	8
	Abstraction of the EDR Concept Classification and its Effectiveness in Word Sense Disambiguation	75
	Tuning Lexicons to New Operational Scenarios	330
	Using Few Clues Can Compensate the Small Amount of Resources Available for Word Sense Disambiguation	350
Word Sense Tagging	A Word Sense Disambiguation Method Using Bilingual Corpus	15
WordNet	Integrating Subject Field Codes into WordNet	219
	Application of WordNet ILR in Czech Word-formation	223
	Evaluation of a Generic Lexical Semantic Resource in Information Extraction	259
Word-Sense Disambiguation	An Experiment of Lexical-Semantic Tagging of an Italian Corpus	60
World Wide Web	TransSearch: A Free Translation Memory on the World Wide Web	12
Written Corpora	Portuguese Corpora at CLUL	72
Written Language Resources	NL-Translex: Machine Translation for Dutch	294
XCES	Building the Croatian-English Parallel Corpus	119
xfst	An Optimised FS Pronunciation Resource Generator for Highly Inflecting Languages	251
XML	An XML-based Representation Format for Syntactically Annotated Corpora	59
	Building the Croatian-English Parallel Corpus	119
	A Step toward Semantic Indexing of an Encyclopedic Corpus	161
	The MATE Workbench Annotation Tool, a Technical Description	166
	XCES: An XML-based Encoding Standard for Linguistic Corpora	172
	A Unified POS Tagging Architecture and its Application to Greek	181
	Enhancing Speech Corpus Resources with Multiple Lexical Tag Layers	183
	A Multi-view Hyperlexicon Resource for Speech and Language System Development	243
	The Concede Model for Lexical Databases	335
XML Mark-Up	LT TTT - A Flexible Tokenisation Tool	93
XML Representation	Automatic Generation of Dictionary Definitions from a Computational Lexicon	306
XML-Editor	The Universal XML Organizer: UXO	253